Citation:
V-9. Verband Der Automotbilindustrie E.V. (VDA), VDA 239-500, “Sheet Steel for Hot Forming,” Draft material recommendation, 2019.
Tensile testing cannot be used to determine bendability, since these are different failure modes. Failure in bending
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Dual Phase (DP) steels have a microstructure consisting of a ferritic matrix with martensitic islands as a hard
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