V-9

V-9. Verband Der Automotbilindustrie E.V. (VDA), VDA 239-500, “Sheet Steel for Hot Forming,” Draft material recommendation, 2019.

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Steel Grades AHSS 1stGen AHSS Press Hardened Steels Metallurgy 3rdGen AHSS Conventional HSS Lower Strength Steels

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Introduction

There are different ways to classify automotive steels. One is a metallurgical designation providing some process

Metallurgy of Martensitic Steels Martensitic steels are characterized by a microstructure that is mostly

Dual Phase (DP) steels have a microstructure consisting of a ferritic matrix with martensitic islands as a hard

Complex Phase (CP) steels combine high strength with relatively high ductility. The

Ferrite-Bainite (FB) steels are hot rolled steels typically found in applications

Metallurgy of Mild Steels Mild steels are low carbon steels with no alloying elements added for substantial